Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease involving multiple
organs. It is often called “immortal cancer” due to the difficulties in disease treatment. As the …

Objective Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway plays important roles in systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aimed to elucidate the association of serum soluble PD-1 …

The regulation of T cell response depends on co-inhibitory pathways that serve to control
immune-mediated tissue damage and resolve inflammation by modulating the magnitude …

Background Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) plays an important role in immune
response regulation as a co-inhibitory signal during T cell activation. However, there is little …

Objective To assess the expression of programmed death 1 (PD‐1), PD ligand 1 (PD‐L1),
and PD‐L2 by B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at baseline …

Immune checkpoint blockade with therapeutic anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated
antigen (CTLA)-4 (Ipilimumab) and anti-programmed death (PD)-1 (Nivolumab and …

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) was shown to deliver an inhibitory signal after binding to its
ligands, PD-L1 (B7-H1) or PD-L2 (B7-DC). Recently, up-regulated expression of PD-1 …

Programmed death ligand (PD-L) 2 and PD-L1 are the second and first ligands, respectively,
for programmed cell death-1 protein (PD-1), which is one of the key factors responsible for …

The activation of antigen specific T cells during an immune response is a tightly regulated
process at the level of both costimulatory and coinhibitory receptors. One such coinhibitory …

Background Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-
targeted therapies have enhanced T-cell response and demonstrated efficacy in the …