This article will draw on the author's experience in conducting participatory surveys in
Singapore to offer alternative conceptualizations and versions of participation. The aim is to …

Using examples from our own inquiry experiences, we seek to identify the ontological and
epistemological commitments we have as participatory researchers and to discuss how …

INTRODUCTION 18 and direct benefit to a community and not merely the basis for an
academic paper'and in that respect it should be an iterative process that simultaneously …

The widespread adoption of the language of participation across a spectrum of institutions,
from radical NGOs to local government bodies to the World Bank, raises questions about …

In the Introduction, we distinguished two frameworks for understanding our case
studies:'participatory governance'and 'participatory democracy'. An initial task of this …

Participatory Action Research (PAR) is an umbrella term covering a variety of participatory
approaches to action-oriented research. Defined most simply, PAR involves researchers …

According to our experience, participatory evaluation works better if it is developed hand in
hand with participation in planning. Both activities have a common root in two widely studied …

This chapter traces some trends in the praxis of PAR starting with work in Germany and
Moser's theoretical reflection on the validity of such research. It refers to Fals Borda's …

Participation is not just about democracy. It is also about how we relate to each other in all
our spaces of encounter. Do we give space to the other person to have an equal part in the …

Participatory research appeals to notions of community empowerment and of generating
more valid data grounded in the lived experiences of communities. For research-degree …