The extreme toxicity and ready accessibility of nerve agents and phosgene has caused an
increase in the demand to develop effective systems for the detection of these substances …

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are among the most prominent threats to the human
population, our peace, and social stability. Therefore, their detection and quantification are …

Along with biological and nuclear threats, chemical warfare agents are some of the most
feared weapons of mass destruction. Compared to nuclear weapons they are relatively easy …

Organophosphorus compounds are toxic organic phosphorus molecules including nerve
agents and pesticides. Organophosphorus pesticides play a significant role in improving …

The ease of production, the extreme toxicity of organophosphorus-containing nerve agents,
and their facile use in terrorism attacks underscores the need to develop accurate systems to …

Highly toxic phosgene, mustard gas, and nerve agents as chemical warfare agents (CWAs)
seriously threaten public security and human life. Therefore, it is a great demand to develop …

Environmental security is one of the fundamental requirements of our well being. However, it
still remains a major global challenge. Therefore, in addition to reducing and/or eliminating …

This review encompasses a literature review of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and the
attendant advantages and limitations of existing techniques (ie gas chromatography, liquid …

Biosensors are of great significance because of their capability to resolve a potentially large
number of analytical problems and challenges in very diverse areas such as defense …

Synthetic molecular probes, chemosensors, and nanosensors used in combination with
innovative assay protocols hold great potential for the development of robust, low-cost, and …