Despite the increasing number of studies concerning insect immunity, Lutzomyia longipalpis
immune responses in the presence of Leishmania infantum chagasi infection has not been …

Introduction Sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) belonging to the Lutzomyia genus transmit
Leishmania infantum parasites. To understand the complex interaction between the vector …

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) belonging to the Lutzomyia genus transmit
zoonoses in the New World. Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of Leishmania …

During bloodfeeding, the presence of sand fly saliva in the hemorrhagic pool where
Leishmania is also inoculated modulates the development of host immune mechanisms …

TGF-β is a potent regulatory cytokine that suppresses expression of inducible NO synthase
and IFN-γ, and suppresses Th1 and Th2 cell development. We examined whether …

Background Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Latin
America. Sandfly immune responses are poorly understood. In previous work we showed …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced to control bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and other
infectious agents. Sand fly larvae develop and feed on a microbe-rich substrate, and the …

Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies are the major natural vector of Leishmania infantum
parasites, responsible for transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World. Several …

Protozoa of the genus Leishmania cause a wide variety of pathologies ranging from self‐
healing skin lesions to visceral damage, depending on the parasite species. The outcome of …

When an haematophagous sand fly vector insect bites a vertebrate host, it introduces its
mouthparts into the skin and lacerates blood vessels, forming a hemorrhagic pool which …