Constraints to participating in leisure activities have been extensively studied. Yet, while
increasing attention has been paid to this topic, little effort has been invested in …

This study empirically tested the constraint-effects-mitigation model across cruiser and non-
cruiser groups to understand constraints to cruising. Both qualitative and quantitative …

The purposes of this study were to develop a measurement scale for motivation to cruising
and to examine the role of cruising motivation on intention to cruise. The motivation …

This paper suggests that previous models of consumer behaviour in tourism have neglected
the constraints on participation. Despite the growing body of literature related to leisure …

This article examines issues related to the constraining factors of nautical tourism based on
a three-dimensional structure of constraints. With a higher level of respondents' education …

This study focused on pleasure travelers' perceived constraints to nature-based tourism.
Eleven constraint statements were identified through a literature review and were chosen a …

The study of constraints to participation in leisure activities has been a growing theme of
research during the past three decades. More recently, this research has been extended to …

This paper examines three assumptions in previous leisure constraints research:(1) that only
two meaningful groups of non-participants exist (those who do not wish to participate, and …

In discussions of sustainable development, tourism has been suggested as a tool for
achieving economic development while protecting the natural environment. However …

This study attempts to gain insight into what factors constrain Chinese outbound tourists from
visiting the United States, using the Leisure Constraint Model as the analytical framework …