Cancer is one of the most common causes of death globally. Despite extensive research
and considerable advances in cancer therapy, the fundamentals of the disease remain …

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is the first discovered second messenger, which
plays pivotal roles in cell signaling, and regulates many physiological and pathological …

Cancer is a complex disease resulting from abnormal cell growth that is induced by a
number of genetic and environmental factors. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which …

Background: cAMP is a second messenger that plays a role in intracellular signal
transduction of various stimuli. a major function of cAMP in eukaryotes is activation of cAMP …

Abstract Protein Kinase A (PKA) is a well known member of the serine-threonin protein
kinase superfamily. PKA, also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase, is a multi-unit …

In the past, many chromosomal and genetic alterations have been examined as possible
causes of cancer. However, some tumors do not display a clear molecular and/or genetic …

Prostate carcinomas are among the most frequently diagnosed and death causing cancers
affecting males in the developed world. It has become clear that the molecular mechanisms …

Elevation of the intracellular cAMP concentration ([cAMP] i) regulates metabolism, cell
proliferation, and differentiation and plays roles in memory formation and neoplastic growth …

For more than four decades, the cyclic nucleotides cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP
(cGMP) have been recognized as important signaling molecules within cells. Under normal …

Mechanisms of cAMP signal transduction have been thoroughly investigated for more than
40 years. From the binding of hormonal ligands to their receptors on the outer surface of the …