Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a focal neurological disorder that accounts for 85% of all
stroke types, due to occlusion of cerebral arteries by thrombosis and emboli. AIS is also …

Background Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of cerebrovascular disease, including
ischemic stroke. Modulating endothelial signalling by cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, is …

Background and Purpose—Acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel are the 2 main
antithrombotic drugs for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) without …

Ischemic stroke is caused by a thromboembolic occlusion of a major cerebral artery, with the
impaired blood flow triggering neuroinflammation and subsequent neuronal damage. Both …

Abstract Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), such as sildenafil (Viagra®) are widely
used for erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Preclinical studies suggest that …

Background Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The
available treatments are not effective. Phosphodiesterase 9A (PDE9A) is an intracellular …

Abstract Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a promising strategy for the treatment of
ischemic stroke. However, the side effects of nausea and vomiting from the current PDE4 …

Abstract Current phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors exert beneficial effects in central
nervous system diseases via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, but many of …

Abstract Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) hydrolyzes adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic
monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). It is highly …

INTRODUCTION: Factors regulating brain tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) are pertinent
for stroke. Recent observations have suggested a role for the phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) …