Background The evaluation of the proportional hazards (PH) assumption in survival analysis
is an important issue when Hazard Ratio (HR) is chosen as summary measure. The aim is to …

Background Most randomized controlled trials with a time-to-event outcome are designed
assuming proportional hazards (PH) of the treatment effect. The sample size calculation is …

Evaluation of new anticancer therapies in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is typically based
on comparing a new treatment with a standard one, using a time-toevent end point such as …

Background Most clinical trials with time-to-event primary outcomes are designed assuming
constant event rates and proportional hazards over time. Non-constant event rates and non …

Purpose We aimed to compare empirically the treatment effects measured by the hazard
ratio (HR) and by the difference (and ratio) of restricted mean survival times (RMST) in …

Background: In many clinical trial applications, the endpoint of interest corresponds to a time-
to-event endpoint. In this case, group differences are usually expressed by the hazard ratio …

Proportional hazards are a common assumption when designing confirmatory clinical trials
in oncology. This assumption not only affects the analysis part but also the sample size …

Background: The hazard ratio (HR) is the most appropriate measure for time to event
outcomes such as survival. In systematic reviews, HRs can be calculated either from the raw …

In most randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with a right‐censored time‐to‐event outcome, the
hazard ratio is taken as an appropriate measure of the effectiveness of a new treatment …

In the last decades significant progress has been achieved in the biological understanding
of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its tumor heterogeneity has become more …