The traditional specificity theory of pain perception holds that pain involves a direct
transmission system from somatic receptors to the brain. The amount of pain perceived …

An understanding of the pathophysiology of pain involves the concepts of neuronal plasticity
at the levels of the nociceptor neurons, spinal cord, and brain. Neuroplasticity allows the …

Peripheral tissue damage or nerve injury often leads to pathological pain processes, such
as spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia, that persist for years or decades after all …

Pain is an essential physiological defense against danger, be it external, from the
environment, or internal, arising from within the body. The initiation of this acute defensive …

Central sensitization represents an enhancement in the function of neurons and circuits in
nociceptive pathways caused by increases in membrane excitability and synaptic efficacy as …

It is suggested that psychophysiological mechanisms play an important role in the
development and maintenance of chronic pain states. There is accumulating evidence that …

Although a great deal has been learned about the neural basis for stimulation-produced
analgesia, it is evident that the 'analgesia systems' are much more complex than was initially …

Nerve signals arising from sites of tissue or nerve injury lead to long-term changes in the
central nervous system and contribute to hyperalgesia and the amplification and persistence …

Pain exists as both a sensory event of the peripheral and central nervous systems and as a
profound phenomenological experience that affects the processes of consciousness and …

Many studies in several species, including humans, have identified a subset of primary
afferent nerve fibres that are activated by potential or actual tissue-damaging stimuli …