Objective. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induces an electric field (E-field) in the
cortex. To facilitate stimulation targeting, image-guided neuronavigation systems have been …

Objective. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can modulate brain function via an
electric field (E-field) induced in a brain region of interest (ROI). The ROI E-field can be …

Background Neuronavigation provides visual guidance of an instrument during procedures
of neurological interventions, and has been shown to be a valuable tool for accurately …

Background TMS neuronavigation with on-line display of the induced electric field (E-field)
has the potential to improve quantitative targeting and dosing of stimulation, but present …

Objective MRI-guided real-time transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) navigators that
apply electromagnetic modeling have improved the utility of TMS. However, their accuracy …

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is commonly used for assessing or
modulating brain excitability. However, the credibility of TMS outcomes depends on accurate …

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a powerful method to examine the brain and non-
invasively treat disorders of the central nervous system. Magnetic stimulation of the motor …

Background Field calculations for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are increasingly
implemented online in neuronavigation systems and in more realistic offline approaches …

In cognitive neuroscience, optically tracked frameless stereotaxic navigation has been
successfully used to precisely guide transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to desired …

Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used for the mapping of brain motor
functions. The complexity of the brain deters determining the exact localization of the …