Microglia play a crucial role in the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis in the central
nervous system, and microglia production of immune factors is believed to play an important …

Glia plays a crucial role in the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis in the central nervous
system. The microglial production of immune factors is believed to play an important role in …

Recent research has shown that microglial cells which are strongly activated in neuropathy
can influence development of allodynia and hyperalgesia. Here we demonstrated that …

Pentoxifylline, a non-specific cytokine inhibitor, has shown to be beneficial in inflammatory
pain in both experimental and clinical studies. The present study demonstrates for the first …

Management of chronic pain, such as nerve-injury-induced neuropathic pain associated
with diabetic neuropathy, viral infection, and cancer, is a real clinical challenge. Major …

Chronic pain is the most difficult type of pain to treat. Previously, the development of
analgesics has focused on neuronal targets; however, current analgesics are only modestly …

Microglial cells appear to play a vital role in the initiation of certain neuropathic pain states.
In order to initiate neuropathic pain, microglia need to be activated. Microglia activation in …

Neuropathic pain is a highly debilitating chronic pain state that is a consequence of nerve
injury or of diseases such as diabetes, cancer, infection, autoimmune disease, or trauma …

Background The development of antinociceptive tolerance following repetitive
administration of opioid analgesics significantly hinders their clinical use. Evidence has …

Pain is a defense system that responds rapidly to harmful internal and external stimuli
through the somatosensory neuronal pathway. However, damage to the nervous system …