Colour signals and colour vision play a pivotal role in intraspecific communication and
predator–prey interactions. However, the costs of expressing conspicuous sexual signals at …

Highlights•We quantified apparency of polymorphic female damselflies as mates and
prey.•Females matched either the colour of conspecific males or the colour of the visual …

Sexual selection often favors brighter and exaggerated traits, which also increase the risk of
detection by predators. Signals that are preferentially conspicuous to conspecifics would …

Several lines of indirect evidence suggest that selection imposed by predators may favor
certain combinations of prey coloration and behavior at the expense of other combinations …

Cryptic coloration may evolve in response to selective pressure imposed by predators, yet
effective intraspecific communication may require some level of detectability. This creates a …

The overwhelming focus of studies on communication has been on interactions among
conspecifics. However, communication is often selected by a complex network of disparate …

Evolutionary divergence in the coloration of toxic prey is expected when geographic
variation in predator composition and behavior favours shifts in prey conspicuousness. A …

Visual signaling in animals can serve many uses, including predator deterrence and mate
attraction. In many cases, signals used to advertise unprofitability to predators are also used …

Predation is a major driving force in evolution. Predation has been shown to select for size,
morphology, and camouflage. Many animals use camouflage to reduce predation risk. In …

Animal colour patterns are among the most striking examples of biological diversity.
Elaborate coloration is thought to play a role in mate choice within populations and to pose a …