Highlights•Host control over electron acceptor availability generates longitudinal
heterogeneity.•Electron acceptor availability dictates which redox reactions are most …

Composed of trillions of individual microbes, the human gut microbiota has adapted to the
uniquely diverse environments found in the human intestine. Quickly responding to the …

The complex microbial community residing within the intestine plays important roles in host
defense. However, the impact of enteric infection and inflammation on this resident …

Interactions between the host and its associated microbiota differ spatially and the local
cross talk determines organ function and physiology. Animals and their organs are not …

Complex microbial ecosystems occupy the skin, mucosa and alimentary tract of all
mammals, including humans. Recent advances have highlighted the tremendous diversity of …

The composition and function of the gut microbiota are intimately tied to nutrient acquisition
strategies and metabolism, with significant implications for host health. Both dietary and host …

Tremendous advances have been made in mapping the complexity of the human gut
microbiota in both health and disease states. These analyses have revealed that, rather than …

It is increasingly apparent that the microbial ecosystems in the mammalian gastrointestinal
tract play an intricate role in health and disease. There is a growing interest in the …

Establishing and maintaining beneficial interactions between the host and its associated
microbiota are key requirements for host health. Although the gut microbiota has previously …

This commentary outlines our expanding understanding of resident bacterial
compartmentalization along the longitudinal and vertical intestinal axes and suggests …