Reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia) can lead to cell and organ damage. Therefore,
aerobic species depend on efficient mechanisms to counteract detrimental consequences of …

Introduction• Oxidative phosphorylation• Hypoxic activation of HIFs• Mitochondria regulate
HIFs‐Mitochondrial ROS regulate HIFs‐Mitochondrial respiration regulate HIFs‐TCA cycle …

Significance: Cells sense and respond to a shortage of oxygen by activating the hypoxia-
inducible transcription factors HIF-1 and HIF-2 and evoking adaptive responses. Recent …

Oxygen is required for the survival of the majority of eukaryotic organisms, as it is important
for many cellular processes. Eukaryotic cells utilize oxygen for the production of biochemical …

Decreases in oxygen levels are observed in physiological processes, such as development,
and pathological situations, such as tumorigenesis and ischemia. In the complete absence …

Molecular oxygen (O 2) is a key substrate for mitochondrial ATP production and numerous
intracellular biochemical reactions. The maintenance of O 2 homeostasis is therefore …

Cellular responses to hypoxia are crucial in various physiological and pathophysiological
contexts and have thus been extensively studied. This has led to a comprehensive …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are crucial for cellular and organismal adaptation to
hypoxia. The mitochondrial respiratory chain is the largest consumer of oxygen in most …

Maintenance of oxygen homoeostasis is required for the survival of higher organisms. The
transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) has a crucial role in oxygen homoeostasis …

Hypoxia triggers several mechanisms to adapt cells to a low oxygen environment.
Mitochondria are major consumers of oxygen and a potential source of reactive oxygen …