Pulmonary surfactant, a complex mixture of lipids and proteins, lowers the surface tension in
terminal air spaces and is crucial for lung function. Within an animal species, surfactant …

Lung structure and function vary widely among vertebrates. Despite their diversity, all lungs
are internal, fluid-lined structures that change volume and hence face similar biophysical …

In mammals, the surface tension of the fluid lining the inner lung greatly contributes to the
work of breathing. Surface tension is modified by the secretion of a mixture of surface active …

The interfacial surface tension of the lung is regulated by phospholipid-rich pulmonary
surfactant films. Small changes in temperature affect surfactant structure and function in vitro …

In most eutherian mammals, cholesterol (Chol) comprises approximately 8–10 wt.% or 14–
20 mol.% of both alveolar and lamellar body surfactant. It is regarded as an integral …

Lung surfactant comprises mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC) species together with
phosphatidylglycerols and surfactant proteins (SP) SP‐A to‐D. Changes in the …

Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of phospholipids (PLs), neutral lipids and
proteins that lines the inner surface of the lung. Here it modulates surface tension, thereby …

Pulmonary surfactant lines the entire alveolar surface, serving primarily to reduce the
surface tension at the air–liquid interface. Surfactant films adsorb as a monolayer …

As birds have tubular lungs that do not contain alveoli, avian surfactant predominantly
functions to maintain airflow in tubes rather than to prevent alveolar collapse. Consequently …

Cold profoundly influences lung compliance in homeothermic mammals. Much of this effect
has traditionally been attributed to the inactivation of the surfactant system. However, many …