The IκB-NF-κB signaling module: temporal control and selective gene activation

A Hoffmann, A Levchenko, ML Scott, D Baltimore - science, 2002 - science.org
Nuclear localization of the transcriptional activator NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) is controlled in
mammalian cells by three isoforms of NF-κB inhibitor protein: IκBα,-β, and-ɛ. Based on …

IKK-1 and IKK-2: cytokine-activated IκB kinases essential for NF-κB activation

F Mercurio, H Zhu, BW Murray, A Shevchenko… - Science, 1997 - science.org
Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is controlled by
sequential phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of its inhibitory subunit IκB. A …

Oscillations in NF-κB signaling control the dynamics of gene expression

DE Nelson, AEC Ihekwaba, M Elliott, JR Johnson… - Science, 2004 - science.org
Signaling by the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) involves its release from
inhibitor kappa B (IκB) in the cytosol, followed by translocation into the nucleus. NF-κB …

NF-κB controls expression of inhibitor IκBα: evidence for an inducible autoregulatory pathway

SC Sun, PA Ganchi, DW Ballard, WC Greene - Science, 1993 - science.org
The eukaryotic transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) participates in many parts
of the genetic program mediating T lymphocyte activation and growth. Nuclear expression of …

Control of IκB-α proteolysis by site-specific, signal-induced phosphorylation

K Brown, S Gerstberger, L Carlson, G Franzoso… - Science, 1995 - science.org
IκB-α inhibits transcription factor NF-κB by retaining it in the cytoplasm. Various stimuli,
typically those associated with stress or pathogens, rapidly inactivate IκB-α. This liberates …

Duration of nuclear NF-κB action regulated by reversible acetylation

L Chen, W Fischle, E Verdin, WC Greene - Science, 2001 - science.org
The nuclear expression and action of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor
requires signal-coupled phosphorylation and degradation of the IκB inhibitors, which …

The NF-κB activation pathway: a paradigm in information transfer from membrane to nucleus

DM Rothwarf, M Karin - Science's STKE, 1999 - science.org
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/Rel proteins are dimeric, sequence-specific transcription
factors involved in the activation of an exceptionally large number of genes in response to …

Direct phosphorylation of IκB by IKKα and IKKβ: discrimination between free and NF-κB-bound substrate

E Zandi, YI Chen, M Karin - Science, 1998 - science.org
A large protein complex mediates the phosphorylation of the inhibitor of κB (IκB), which
results in the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Two subunits of this complex, IκB kinase …

IκB kinases: kinsmen with different crafts

MJ May, S Ghosh - Science, 1999 - science.org
One of the most intensely studied regulators of gene expression is the transcription factor NF-
κB. NF-κB activates groups of genes in response to a wide array of extracellular factors …

Interactions of NF-κB with chromatin: the art of being at the right place at the right time

G Natoli, S Saccani, D Bosisio, I Marazzi - Nature immunology, 2005 - nature.com
Transcription factors of the NF-κB family are essential regulators of the inflammatory and
immune responses. The main'switch'in NF-κB activation is cytoplasmic and leads to the …