Gut microbiota can interact with the immune system through its metabolites. Short-chain fatty
acids (SCFAs), as one of the most abundant metabolites of the resident gut microbiota play …

The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, propionate and acetate are microbial
metabolites and their availability in the gut and other organs is determined by environmental …

The gut microbiota encodes a broad range of enzymes capable of synthetizing various
metabolites, some of which are still uncharacterized. One well-known class of microbiota …

The accumulating evidence revealed that microbiota plays a significant function in training,
function, and the induction of host immunity. Once this interaction (immune system …

Immune tolerance deletes or suppresses autoreactive lymphocytes and is established at
multiple levels during the development, activation and effector phases of T and B cells …

The gut microbiome and the intestinal immune system are driving contributors to
inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Both have an important signalling factor in common …

Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are bacterial fermentation products, which are chemically
composed by a carboxylic acid moiety and a small hydrocarbon chain. Among them, acetic …

The human intestinal microbiome substantially affects human health and resistance to
infections in its dynamic composition and varying release of microbial-derived metabolites …

Intestinal metabolites are attracting increasing interest, especially more and more studies
have found they are closely related to diseases. Microbial fermentation of indigestible …

T cells are central players in the regulation of adaptive immunity and immune tolerance. In
the periphery, T cell differentiation for maturation and effector function is regulated by a …