In flowering plants, male and female functions are usually closely associated in the same
flowers, as predicted by resource allocation theory. However, the benefits of outbreeding …

Plants have characteristic features that affect the expression of sexual function, notably the
existence of a haploid organism in the life cycle, and in their development, which is modular …

Linnaeus's very first opus, written when he was 22 years old, dealt with the analogy that
exists between plants and animals in how they 'propagate their species', and a revised …

The importance of combined genetic and systematic analysis of sex for its evolutionary
interpretation has long been understood in animals. It now seems possible to make ah …

One reason for studying sex chromosomes of flowering plants is that they have often
evolved separate sexes recently, and the genomes of dioecious species may not yet have …

Here, we review the literature on sexual lability in dioecious angiosperm species with well-
studied sex chromosomes. We distinguish three types of departures from strict dioecy …

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION any discussion of the evolution of sex it is necessary to
consider asexual reproduction. The extent to which asexual reproduction occurs among …

Sex determination refers to the balance between expression of female versus male sexuality
within a plant. The mechanism by which sex is determined has a profound impact on the …

Sex determination is as important for the fitness of plants as it is for animals, but its
mechanisms appear to vary much more among plants than among animals, and the …

The gender of plants of populations of two New Zealand montane shrub species during two
flowering seasons is described: Discaria toumatou has hermaphrodite flowers and …