Animals face unpredictable challenges that require rapid, facultative physiological reactions
to support survival but may compromise reproduction. Bats have a long-standing reputation …

Abstract Changes in reproductive state or the environment may affect the sensitivity of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-andrenal (HPA) axis. However, little is known about the dynamics of …

Publisher Summary Reproductive and life-history strategies vary tremendously among bats,
even within species. Understanding the nature of this variation and the evolution of these …

Hematological measures are increasingly being used to analyse the impact of several
stressors on the physiological condition of animals. Landscape degradation and habitat loss …

Chronic stress may negatively impact fitness and survival in wildlife. Stress hormone
analysis from feces is a non-invasive tool for identifying stressors and deducing about …

Wild animals are brought into captivity for many reasons. However, unlike laboratory-bred
animals, wild caught animals often respond to the dramatic shift in their environment with …

Organisms are expected to invest less in reproduction in response to a stressor, but theory
predicts that this effect should depend on the frequency and duration of stressors in the …

Environmental and biological context play significant roles in modulating physiological
stress responses of individuals in wildlife populations yet are often overlooked when …

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with the physiology of bats, focusing on the
endocrinology of reproduction. Wild-caught bats, sampled at different phases of their …

The immediate release of adrenal glucocorticoids can be crucial for an animal's survival
when facing a stressor, but constantly elevated or exceptionally high glucocorticoid levels …