Neuromodulation is a key therapeutic tool for clinicians managing patients with drug‐
resistant epilepsy. Multiple devices are available with long‐term follow‐up and real‐world …

Introduction: Neuromodulation devices can be safe and effective for the treatment of drug-
resistant epilepsy. A body of scientific work supports peripheral, subcortical and cortical …

Three neuromodulation therapies have been appropriately tested and approved in refractory
focal epilepsies: vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation of the anterior …

For patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy, neurostimulation offers
nonpharmacological strategies to improve seizure control. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) …

Three neuromodulation therapies, all using implanted device and electrodes, have been
approved to treat adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, namely, the vagus nerve …

Objectives Epilepsy continues to provide challenges to clinicians, as a significant proportion
of patients continue to suffer from seizures despite medical and surgical treatments …

Epilepsy is a devastating disease, often refractory to medication and not amenable to
resective surgery. For patients whose seizures continue despite the best medical and …

Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) has recently emerged as a safe and effective treatment
for some patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy who are not candidates for surgical …

Brain stimulation is increasingly used in epilepsy patients with insufficient therapeutic
response to pharmacological treatment. Whereas vagus nerve stimulation with implanted …

Epilepsy affects approximately 70 million people worldwide, and it is a significant contributor
to the global burden of neurological disorders. Despite the advent of new AEDs, drug …