Opioids have been regarded for millennia as among the most effective drugs for the
treatment of pain. Their use in the management of acute severe pain and chronic pain …

Inadequately treated acute and chronic pain remains a major cause of suffering, in spite of
enormous advances in pharmacology and technology. Opioids provide a powerful, versatile …

Opium, the dried juice of the seedpod of the opium poppy, has been used for the relief of
pain and suffering for several thousand years. Many opioid drugs are still derived from …

We conducted an analytic review of the clinical scientific literature bearing on the use of
opioids for treatment of chronic non-cancer pain. There is substantial, albeit not definitive …

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) in 2000 (2), many
physicians and organizations began advocating for increased usage of opioids in the …

The controversy surrounding the, long term use of opioid drugs in patients with
nonmalignant pain has intensified in recent years. This debate is driven by a new …

Derivatives of the opium poppy, papaver somniferum, have been used effectively for millenia
to provide relief of pain and suffering. The beneficent qualities of opioids have been …

Therapeutic opioid use has increased substantially, specifically of Schedule II drugs. Apart
from lack of effectiveness (except for short-term, acute pain) there are multiple adverse …

An overreliance on opioids has impacted all types of pain management, making it
undoubtedly a root cause of the “epidemic” of prescription opioid abuse in the United States …

The prescribing of opioid analgesics for pain management—particularly for management of
chronic noncancer pain (CNCP)—has increased more than fourfold in the United States …