An increase in technological interventions and ruthless urbanization in the name of
development has deteriorated our environment over time and caused the buildup of heavy …

Heavy metal (HM) accumulation in the agricultural soil and its toxicity is a major threat for
plant growth and development. HMs disrupt functional integrity of the plants, induces altered …

Heavy metal concentrations exceeding permissible limits threaten human life, plant life, and
all other life forms. Different natural and anthropogenic activities emit toxic heavy metals in …

Metals such as cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) are essential for normal
plant growth and development since they contribute to the function of many enzymes and …

The heavy metal contamination, which causes toxic effects on plants, has evolved into a
significant constraint to plant quality and yield. This scenario has been exacerbated by …

The maintenance of ion homeostasis in plant cells is a fundamental physiological
requirement for sustainable plant growth, development and production. Plants exposed to …

Although many metal elements are essential for the growth of plants in low concentrations,
their excessive amounts in soil above threshold values can result in toxicity. This detrimental …

Heavy metal contamination of soil, aqueous waste stream and ground water causes major
environmental and human health problems. Heavy metals are major environmental …

Heavy metals are often present naturally in soils, but many human activities (eg mining,
agriculture, sewage processing, the metal industry and automobiles) increase their …

Heavy metals are naturally occurring in the earth's crust but anthropogenic and industrial
activities have led to drastic environmental pollutions in distinct areas. Plants are able to …