Hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumors, greatly hinders the efficacy of conventional
cancer treatments such as chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy. The depletion of oxygen in …

Intratumoral hypoxia (reduced O 2 availability) is a common finding in human cancer and
leads to increased activity of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which regulate the expression …

Hypoxia is a condition commonly observed in the core of solid tumors. The hypoxia-
inducible factors (HIF) act as hypoxia sensors that orchestrate a coordinated response …

Intratumoral heterogeneity is an important factor contributing to metastasis and therapy
resistance. The phenotypic diversity of cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment is …

The rapid and uncontrolled proliferation of tumors limits the availability of oxygen and
nutrients supplied from the tumor vasculature, thus exposing them to low oxygen …

Hypoxia is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment and contributes to tumor malignant
phenotypes. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a master regulator of intratumoral hypoxia and …

Hypoxic environments occur normally at high altitude, or in underground burrows and in
deep sea habitats. They also occur pathologically in human ischemia and in hypoxic solid …

Abstract Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to:
Describe hypoxia-induced mechanisms for cell survival. Discuss hypoxia-induced gene …

Hypoxia has been recognized as one of the fundamentally important features of solid tumors
and plays a critical role in various cellular and physiologic events, including cell …

Hypoxia and dysregulated metabolism are defining features of solid tumors. How cancer
cells adapt to low O 2 has been illuminated by numerous studies, with" reprogrammed" …