Introduction Dental caries is the most common non-communicable human disease, yet little
is known about the role of environmental metals, despite teeth consisting of a hard matrix of …

Abstract Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and fluoride (F) exposure during childhood is of concern
owing to their toxicity. Also, evidence suggests that high and low exposure levels to …

Background Periodontitis has become an increasingly important public health issue,
coupled with a high economic burden for prevention and treatment. Exposure to essential …

Personal care product use is a potential source of metals exposure among children, but
studies have been limited. We measured urinary concentrations of 10 metals (aluminum …

Children's heightened susceptibility to environmental exposure arises from their
underdeveloped detoxification mechanisms and augmented per-unit body-weight …

Some heavy metals are associated with periodontitis; whereas most of these associations
have focused on individual metal, there are no specific studies on the effects of combined …

Aim Evidence linking trace minerals and periodontitis is limited. To investigate the
relationship between trace minerals (selenium, manganese, lead, cadmium, and mercury) …

Background Metals are harmful to human health in many ways. However, the association
between metals and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. Aims of this study is to …

Background The urinary system serves as a crucial pathway for eliminating metallic
substances from the body, making it susceptible to the effects of metal exposure. However …

Abstract Purpose of Review Biomarkers are commonly used in epidemiological studies to
assess metals and metalloid exposure and estimate internal dose, as they integrate multiple …