Abstract Objectives The Dmanisi Homo fossils include a tibia with a low degree of torsion
and metatarsals with a pattern of robusticity differing from modern humans. It has been …

The midtarsal break was once treated as a dichotomous, non‐overlapping trait present in
the foot of non‐human primates and absent in humans. Recent work indicates that there is …

Objectives This study quantifies hallucal metatarsal (Mt1) and second metatarsal (Mt2) polar
second moment of areas (J) in hominoids and cercopithecoids to address three questions …

When measured as a ratio of mean midshaft diameter to bone length, the OH 8 fossil
hominin foot exhibits a metatarsal (Mt) robusticity pattern of 1> 5> 3> 4> 2, which differs from …

Primate hands and feet are versatile and offer an opportunity to examine how morphology
reflects compromises among different functions in daily activities. In this study, we …

This study quantifies the proximal articular surface shape of metatarsal (MT) 4 and MT 5
using three-dimensional morphometrics. Humans and apes are compared to test whether …

In his classic research, Morton established two functionally different configurations of the
bipedal and non‐bipedal primate foot: one optimized for stability, with a stiff longitudinal arch …

Abstract Changes in first metatarsal (MT1) morphology within the hominin clade are crucial
for reconstructing the evolution of a forefoot adapted for human-like gait. Studies of the …

This paper presents an analysis of metatarsal torsion in apes, cercopithecoids and humans,
compares australopiths with these species, and discusses their inferred foot morphology …

Metatarsal torsion has been hypothesized to be a plastic trait that can be influenced by the
type of shoes worn in human populations. Wearing stiff‐sole shoes tend to result in narrower …