Concentrated chemical spills have been shown to impact adversely on fish populations and
even cause localized population extinctions. Evaluating population‐level impacts of …

In this age of modern biology, aquatic toxicological research has pursued mechanisms of
action of toxicants. This has provided potential tools for ecotoxicologic investigations …

One of today's greatest challenges in environmental toxicology is to understand effects of
mixture toxicity, commonly referred to as cocktail effects, in humans and in wildlife …

We investigated three aspects of the use of toxicity test data for population‐level risk
assessment:(a) the influence of life history characteristics on vulnerability to contaminant …

Environmental change can increase the vulnerability of aquatic species to toxic chemicals
by challenging an organism's aptitude to respond to chemicals or to repair toxic injury or by …

Understanding the biological effects of exposures to chemicals in the environment relies on
classical methods and emerging technologies in the areas of genomics, proteomics, and …

Ecotoxicological studies have provided extensive insights into the lethal and sublethal
effects of environmental contaminants. These insights are critical for environmental …

The goal of protecting the aquatic environment through testing thousands of chemicals
against hundreds of aquatic species with thousands of endpoints while also considering …

Chemical pollutants rarely attain acutely lethal concentrations in nature; thus the majority of
their effects are expected to be sublethal. Estimation of the likelihood of effects from …

Monitoring of chemicals in the aquatic environment by chemical analysis alone cannot
completely assess and predict the effects of chemicals on aquatic species and ecosystems …