The advent of atomic force microscopy (AFM) has provided a powerful tool for investigating
the behaviors of single native biological molecules under physiological conditions. AFM can …

Due to the lack of adequate tools for observation, native molecular behaviors at the
nanoscale have been poorly understood. The advent of atomic force microscopy (AFM) …

Single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) is an emerging tool to investigate mechanical
properties of biomolecules and their responses to mechanical forces, and one of the most …

Probing the interaction forces that drive biomolecular recognition on cell surfaces is
essential for understanding diverse biological processes. Force spectroscopy has been a …

With its ability to observe, manipulate and explore the functional components of the
biological cell at subnanometre resolution, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has produced a …

Progress in the application of the atomic force microscope (AFM) to imaging and
manipulating biomolecules is the result of improved instrumentation, sample preparation …

Originally invented for imaging surfaces, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has evolved into a
multifunctional molecular toolkit, enabling us to investigate the interactions of biological …

The atomic force microscope (AFM) allows biomolecules to be observed and manipulated
under native conditions. It operates in buffer solution, produces molecular images with …

During the last three decades, a series of key technological improvements turned atomic
force microscopy (AFM) into a nanoscopic laboratory to directly observe and chemically …

The atomic force microscope (AFM) now routinely provides images that reveal
subnanometer surface structures of biomolecules. The sensitivity and precision of AFM …