The human intestinal microbiota is a set of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal
tract and have a symbiotic relationship with the host. These microorganisms are involved in …

Postbiotics are non-viable bacterial products or metabolic byproducts produced by probiotic
microorganisms that have biologic activity in the host. Postbiotics are functional bioactive …

Food is the essential need of human life and has nutrients that support growth and health.
Gastrointestinal tract microbiota involves valuable microorganisms that develop therapeutic …

Postbiotics are bioactive substances that are useful and are produced during fermentation in
the matrix. Postbiotics are under a fragile balance in our body, excessive metabolities, may it …

In recent decades, functional foods with ingredients comprising probiotics, prebiotics and
postbiotics have been gaining a lot of attention from scientists. Probiotics and postbiotics are …

Background It has been recognized that a number of mechanisms mediating the health
benefits of beneficial bacterial cells do require viability. However, new terms such as …

Abstract In 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics
(ISAPP) convened a panel of experts specializing in nutrition, microbial physiology …

A microbial pathogen is a potentially armed opportunist entity to colonize intestinal mucosa.
They have phenomenal ability to evolve and adapt accordingly which further seizes …

* Corresponding Author: Amin Abbasi, Email: aminabasi. tbz. med. ac@ gmail. com© 2020
The Author (s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative …

The past definitions of probiotics and prebiotics have been reviewed and updated recently.
According to these concepts, probiotics comprise live microorganisms that confer a health …