Many biologists are asking whether environmentally initiated phenotypic change
(ie,'phenotypic plasticity') precedes, and even facilitates, evolutionary adaptation. However …

Summary 1 The role of phenotypic plasticity in evolution has historically been a contentious
issue because of debate over whether plasticity shields genotypes from selection or …

Ecology and evolution have long been recognized as reciprocally influencing each other,
with recent research emphasizing how such interactions can occur even on very short …

Phenotypic plasticity can allow organisms to cope with environmental changes. Although
reaction norms are commonly used to quantify plasticity along gradients of environmental …

Phenotypic plasticity is an environmentally based change in the phenotype. Understanding
the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity has been hampered by dissenting opinions …

This chapter reviews the ecological conditions that favor the evolution of plasticity, and the
costs and limits that constrain the evolution of plasticity. Variable environments tend to select …

Phenotypic plasticity is traditionally defined as the capacity of a given genotype to render
alternative phenotypes under different environmental conditions. Some studies focus on the …

To forecast extinction risks of natural populations under climate change and direct human
impacts, an integrative understanding of both phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution is …

Phenotypic plasticity is ubiquitous and generally regarded as a key mechanism for enabling
organisms to survive in the face of environmental change. Because no organism is infinitely …

For more than two decades the concept of phenotypic plasticity has allowed researchers to
go beyond the nature-nurture dichotomy to gain deeper insights into how organisms are …