Oxygen sensors enable cells to adapt to limited oxygen availability (hypoxia), affecting
various cellular and tissue responses. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain 1–3 (PHD1-3; also …

Hypoxia is a common clinical problem that has profound effects on renal homeostasis. Prolyl-
4-hydroxylases PHD1, 2 and 3 function as oxygen sensors and control the activity of hypoxia …

Reduced oxygen supply that does not satisfy tissue and cellular demand (hypoxia) regularly
occurs both in health and disease. Hence, the capacity for cellular oxygen sensing is of vital …

Abstract The prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase domain (PHD) 1–3 enzymes have been identified based
on their ability to regulate the stability of hypoxia‐inducible factor α subunits and thus to …

Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF), a transcriptional complex conserved from Caenorhabditis
elegans to vertebrates, plays a pivotal role in cellular adaptation to low oxygen availability …

The oxygen-sensitive hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway plays a central role in the
control of erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. The discovery of prolyl hydroxylase domain …

Cellular oxygen is sensed by prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins that hydroxylate
hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) α subunits. Under normoxic conditions, hydroxylated HIF α is …

The ability of cells to sense oxygen is a highly evolved process that facilitates adaptations to
the local oxygen environment and is critical to energy homeostasis. In vertebrates, this …

Protein stability of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) α subunits is regulated by the oxygen-
sensing prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes. Under oxygen-limited conditions …

Abstract HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1–3) are oxygen sensors that regulate the stability of
the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in an oxygen-dependent manner. Here, we show that …