Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a class of highly conserved molecules that recognize
pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play a vital role in host defense against …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved innate receptors expressed in
various immune and non-immune cells of the mammalian host. TLRs play a crucial role in …

In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that mammalian Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) play a critical role in determining the outcome of virus infection. TLRs have evolved …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a central role in innate immunity as they detect conserved
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on a range of microbes, including viruses …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are widely expressed in the innate immune system. They
recognize conserved microbial ligands such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide, lipopeptides or …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have emerged as critical players in immunity. They are capable of
sensing organisms ranging from protozoa to bacteria, fungi or viruses upon detection of the …

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognition
receptors that play an important role in protective immunity against infection and …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are fundamental sensor molecules of the host innate immune
system, which detect conserved molecular signatures of a wide range of microbial …

Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition …

TLRs are a family of innate receptors whose specificities are predetermined in the germline.
Therefore, TLRs have evolved to recognize conserved features of microbes. Viruses …