Background Sensory hypersensitivity, defined as heightened awareness of and reactivity to
external stimuli, is a bothersome symptom that affects up to 80% of adults with Tourette …

Background Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) refers to excessively intense and/or prolonged
behavioral responses to environmental stimuli typically perceived as non-aversive. SOR is …

Background Interoception refers to the sensing, interpretation, integration, and regulation of
signals about the body's internal physiological state. Interoceptive sensibility is the …

Tics associated with Tourette syndrome (TS) are often preceded by aversive somatosensory
experiences known as premonitory urges. These urges are highly prevalent among …

Awareness of premonitory urge in Tourette syndrome (TS) may facilitate tic suppression;
however, previous studies have not supported this observation. We aimed to clarify the …

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by tics, but most patients
also experience bothersome sensory phenomena, in the form of premonitory urges and/or …

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by multiple tics,
with frequent behavioural co-morbidity. Sensory phenomena (SP) are unpleasant …

Background Tourette syndrome (TS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two
neurodevelopmental disorders with an onset before the age of 18 years. TS patients …

Motor and vocal tics have long been recognised as the core features of Tourette syndrome
(TS). However, patients' first-person accounts have consistently reported that these …

Background Individuals with Tourette Syndrome and Persistent Tic Disorders (collectively
TS) often experience premonitory urges—aversive physical sensations that precede tics and …