On the 400th anniversary of Harvey's Lumleian lectures, this review focuses on
“hemodynamic” forces associated with the movement of blood through arteries in humans …

Beneficial effects of exercise training on the vasculature have been consistently reported in
subjects with cardiovascular risk factors or disease, whereas studies in apparently healthy …

Physical activity, exercise training, and fitness are associated with decreased cardiovascular
risk. In the context that a risk factor “gap” exists in the explanation for the beneficial effects of …

Studies of the impact of exercise training on arterial adaptation in healthy subjects have
produced disparate results. It is possible that some studies failed to detect changes because …

Previous studies have established effects of exercise training on arterial wall thickness,
remodeling, and function in humans, but the extent to which these changes are locally or …

The effects of inactivity and exercise training on established and novel cardiovascular risk
factors are relatively modest and do not account for the impact of inactivity and exercise on …

Physical activity has profound impacts on the vasculature in humans. Acute exercise
induces immediate changes in artery function, whereas repeated episodic bouts of exercise …

Exercise training decreases cardiovascular risk, but effects on traditional risk factors do not
fully account for this benefit. Exercise directly impacts upon arterial shear stress, a stimulus …

Although episodic changes in shear stress have been proposed as the mechanism
responsible for the effects of exercise training on the vasculature, this hypothesis has not …

Physical inactivity is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk that cannot be fully
explained by traditional or novel risk factors. Inactivity is also associated with changes in …