Purpose To describe the inconsistencies in definition, application, and usage of the ocular
reference axes (optical axis, visual axis, line of sight, pupillary axis, and topographic axis) …

Pupil Center Shift Relative to the Coaxially Sighted Corneal Light Reflex Under Natural and
Pharmacologically Dilated Conditions Page 1 journalofrefractivesurgery.com 530 Pupil Center …

Currently used methods for centering corneal surgical procedures emphasize the visual axis
of the eye but do not define it properly. We obtained the best optical result by centering the …

The human eye is an asymmetric optical system and the real cornea is not a rotationally
symmetrical volume. Each optical element in the eye has its own optical and neural axes …

Introduction. The two principal applications of corneal topography are those pertaining to
corneal shape, such as contact lens posterior surface design, and those pertaining to …

Reference Axis Selection: Subcommittee Report of the OSA Working Group to Establish
Standards for Measurement and Reporting of Optical Aberrations of the Eye | Journal of …

PURPOSE: To determine whether centering ablations on the coaxially sighted corneal light
reflex (CSCLR) in eyes with large angle kappa leads to poor visual outcomes when …

A growing number of research laboratories are using the new technologies of
videokeratoscopy and Shack–Hartmann aberrometry, in combination, to study the optical …

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate factors controlling the aberrations of the eye,
including accommodation, wavelength, and the apodization of the optics of the eye by cone …

Purpose: To study the differences in optical zone marking using the geometric corneal
center, entrance pupil center, visual axis, and the coaxially sighted corneal reflex as …