The complicated interplay between cancer and the host immune system has been studied
for decades. New insights into the human immune system as well as the mechanisms by …

Cancer immune evasion is a major stumbling block in designing effective anticancer
therapeutic strategies. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding …

In the context of chronic antigen exposure in chronic viral infections and cancer, T cells
become exhausted/dysfunctional. These exhausted T cells exhibit defective proliferative …

The continual interaction of the immune system with a developing tumor is thought to result
in the establishment of a dynamic state of equilibrium. This equilibrium depends on the …

Evidence indicates that the healthy immune system is necessary for control of malignant
disease and that immune suppression associated with cancer contributes to its progression …

The idea of usingthe immune system to treat cancer is an old concept. The approach of
relying on an immune response against a bacterial component to stimulate an anti-tumor …

The immune system can identify and destroy nascent tumor cells in a process termed cancer
immunosurveillance, which functions as an important defense against cancer. Recently …

Drug development in oncology has traditionally focused on therapies that directly target
cancer cells—surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and kinase inhibitors. However, for …

The recent approvals of two drugs that block the function of the immune checkpoint
programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) have firmly planted tumor immunotherapy in the …

Numerous innate and adaptive immune effector cells and molecules participate in the
recognition and destruction of cancer cells, a process that is known as cancer …