The current concept of personalized medicine looks to provide “the right patient with the right
drug at the right dose at the right time,” by tailoring medical treatment to unique personal …

Physicians who treat chronic pain using opioids recognize that patients vary considerably in
their responses to medications and painful stimuli. An increasing body of scientific literature …

Patients see their primary care physicians (PCPs) for a variety of medical conditions, chronic
pain being one of the most common. An increased use of prescription medications …

No one can deny the extreme chaos, frustration, and sadness that our families, law
enforcement, health-care systems, and our society at large have endured as a consequence …

Objective The experience of chronic pain is one of the commonest reasons individuals seek
medical attention, making the management of chronic pain a major issue in clinical practice …

Pharmacotherapy, which remains the cornerstone of chronic pain management, includes
analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the more potent opioids …

Pain Research Coordinating Committee, high-impact chronic pain restricts participation in
work, social, recreational, or self-care activities. 2 The economic cost to the US for chronic …

Ineffective pain control is the most commonly cited reason for misuse of prescription opioids
and is influenced by genetics. In particular, the gene encoding the CYP2D6 enzyme, which …

Introduction: Anesthesiologists and pain management physicians recognize that the key to
clinical success is the ability to effectively control pain and related symptoms in patients …

Pharmacogenomics is the study of genetic variants that impact drug effects through changes
in a drug's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenomics is being …