The distribution of forest cover alters Earth surface mass and energy exchange and is
controlled by physiology, which determines plant environmental limits. Ancient plant …

Earth's tropical forests repeatedly restructured on 10 5-to 10 7-year timescales during the
Late Paleozoic Ice Age (340–280 Ma). Although it is established that these ancient plants …

Ecosystem process models provide unique insight into terrestrial ecosystems by employing
a modern understanding of ecophysiological processes within a dynamic environmental …

The evolution of woody stems approximately 400 mya (middle Paleozoic) facilitated the
expansion of plants and has likely affected carbon and water budgets across much of the …

Terrestrial plants have transformed Earth's surface environments by altering water, energy,
and biogeochemical cycles. Studying vegetation-climate interaction in deep time has …

A series of vegetation changes take place in tropical ecosystems during the Pennsylvanian
Subperiod. The most notable change, recognizable from palynology and plant macrofossils …

Aim Plant communities typically exhibit lagged responses to climate change due to poorly
understood effects of colonization and local extinction. Here, we quantify rates of change in …

We describe the University of Sheffield Conifer Model (USCM), a process‐based approach
for simulating conifer forest carbon, nitrogen, and water fluxes by up‐scaling widely …

Past and future forest composition and distribution in temperate mountain ranges is strongly
influenced by temperature and snowpack. We used LANDCLIM, a spatially explicit, dynamic …

Vegetation affects feedbacks in Earth's hydrologic system, but is constrained by
physiological adaptations. In extant ecosystems, the mechanisms controlling plant water …