Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark in Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS), and is characterized by activated microglia and infiltrating T cells at …

Recently, an interaction between neurodegenerative processes and the innate and adaptive
immune responses has been increasingly recognized. Activation of microglia, infiltration of …

The immune system is designed to protect the host from infection and injury. However, when
an adaptive immune response continues unchecked in the brain, the proinflammatory innate …

Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease, is
characterised by the motor symptoms of bradykinesia, rigidity and resting tremor and non …

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder of
unknown etiology. Autopsy findings, genetics, retrospective studies, and molecular imaging …

In Parkinson's disease (PD), neurotoxic microglia, Th1 cells, and Th17 cells are
overactivated. Overactivation of these immune cells exacerbates the disease process and …

Our understanding of the role of innate and adaptive immune cell function in brain health
and how it goes awry during aging and neurodegenerative diseases is still in its infancy …

Recent evidence has shown that neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of
Parkinson's disease (PD). However, different components of the brain's immune system may …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with
selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons. At sites of motor neuron injury …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, after
Alzheimer's disease. The potential causes of PD remain uncertain, but recent studies …