Due to the increasing number of underground metro stations worldwide and the great
energy consumption of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in …

Underground buildings are pointed out as alternatives to conventional aboveground
buildings for reducing total energy requirements, while alleviating land use and location …

Most of the underground buildings rely on mechanical ventilation system for achieving an
acceptable indoor thermal comfort level. In order to alleviate the greenhouse effect, it is …

Underground spaces have received increasing attention in the past decades owing to the
growing urban land scarcity. Underground spaces can have a variety of functions such as …

Global warming has posed a great challenge to the survival of mankind. The increasing
atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is widely recognized as the largest contributor …

More than 70% of the non-traction energy consumption is attributable to environmental
control system in subway stations, in which ventilation system accounts for the largest …

As the backbone of urban public transportation, subways are also major consumers of
energy. More than 30% of the total energy is used to operate the heating, ventilating and air …

Subway systems are rapidly developing, and their energy consumption is considerably
growing. The ventilation and air conditioning system in the subway station is the key energy …

Underground transportation systems are big energy consumers and have significant impacts
on energy consumption at a regional scale. The literature has revealed that the energy …

This article investigates the influence of the thermal performance of building envelopes on
annual energy consumption in a ground-buried office building by means of the DeST-based …