Nucleotide signaling molecules contribute to the regulation of cellular pathways. In the
immune system, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is well established as a potent …

Macrophages orchestrate innate immune responses in tissues by activating various
proinflammatory signaling programs. A key mechanism for preventing inflammatory disease …

During development of disease, complex intracellular signaling pathways regulate an
intricate series of events, including resistance to external toxins, the secretion of cytokines …

The 5′-Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a natural
energy sensor in mammalian cells that plays a key role in cellular and systemic energy …

The canonical second messenger cAMP is well established as a potent negative regulator of
T cell immune function. Through protein kinase A (PKA) it regulates T cell function at the …

The second messenger cAMP plays a critical role in regulating immune responses. Although
well known for its immunosuppressive effect, cAMP is also required for the development of …

Abstract cAMP mediates its intracellular effects through activation of protein kinase A (PKA),
nucleotide-gated ion channels, or exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) …

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an intracellular signaling molecule responsible
for directing cellular responses to extracellular signals. Once believed to signal exclusively …

The biochemical basis for complement acting directly on antigen-presenting cells to
enhance their function in T-cell stimulation has been unclear. Here we present evidence that …

T Lymphocyte activation involves a substantial reorganization of the membranous and
intracellular compartments. Signaling complexes assemble and dismantle in a highly …