Safe anesthesia is achieved using objective methods that estimate the patient's state during
different phases of surgery. A patient's state under anesthesia is characterized by three …

Monitoring depth of anesthesia has been an aim of anesthesia for several decades.
Monitoring of clinical parameters, such as cardiovascular signs, sweating, tearing and pupil …

Nociception refers to the neural process of encoding and processing noxious stimuli, 1
whereas pain is a perceptual experience in a conscious individual as a result of information …

Major technical and pharmacological achievements in recent years have greatly influenced
the practice of anesthesia. Clinical signs related to the main aspects of anesthesia, ie …

Objective: The aim of this paper is to review existing technologies for the nociception/anti-
nociception balance evaluation during surgery under general anesthesia. Methods: General …

5. Pilge S, Jordan D, Kochs EF, Schneider G. Sevofluraneinduced epileptiform
electroencephalographic activity and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in a volunteer study …

The development of general anesthesia techniques and anesthetic substances has opened
new horizons for the expansion and improvement of surgical techniques. Nevertheless …

Background Nociception monitoring devices are designed to estimate nociception during
general anaesthesia. We evaluated the predictive accuracy of heart rate and three …

The analgesia nociception index (ANI) is an online heart rate variability analysis proposed
for assessment of the antinociception/nociception balance. In this observational study, we …

Background. Direct indicators for the evaluation of the nociceptive–anti-nociceptive balance
during general anaesthesia do not exist. The aim of this study was to combine physiological …