Activation of immunity by exogenous signals or mutations leading to autoimmunity has long
been associated with decreased plant growth, known as the growth-defense tradeoff …

Plant growth and response to environmental cues are largely governed by phytohormones.
The plant hormones ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid (SA) play a central role in the …

Growth–defense tradeoffs are thought to occur in plants due to resource restrictions, which
demand prioritization towards either growth or defense, depending on external and internal …

Phytohormones are essential for all aspects of plant growth, development, and immunity;
however, it is the interplay between phytohormones, as they dynamically change during …

Plant hormones are essential regulators of plant growth and immunity. In the last few
decades, a vast amount of information has been obtained detailing the role of different plant …

The tradeoff between growth and immunity is regulated by integrating hormonal cues, biotic
signals, and developmental programs, and is fine-tuned to maximize organismal growth and …

Highlights•Immunity can reduce growth and yield of plants to a similar extent than
diseases.•Energy reallocation does not account for immunity-triggered growth …

Studies with model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed that phytohormones
are central regulators of plant defense. The intricate network of phytohormone signaling …

Plants have evolved an array of defenses against pathogens. However, mounting a defense
response frequently comes with the cost of a reduction in growth and reproduction, carrying …

Plant hormones have pivotal roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and
reproduction. Additionally, they emerged as cellular signal molecules with key functions in …