Before the advent of L-DOPA, the gold standard symptomatic therapy for Parkinson's
disease (PD), anticholinergic drugs (muscarinic receptor antagonists) were the preferred …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic
neurons that results in a hypercholinergic state in the striatum. This hypercholinergic state …

Despite evidence showing that anticholinergic drugs are of clinical relevance in Parkinson's
disease (PD), the causal role of striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in PD …

Traditionally, dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) striatal systems were considered
antagonistic and imbalances or aberrant signaling between these neurotransmitter systems …

Cholinergic signaling plays a key role in regulating striatal function. The principal source of
acetylcholine in the striatum is the cholinergic interneurons which, although low in number …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of nigral
dopaminergic neurons innervating the striatum, the main input structure of the basal ganglia …

The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are thought to stem from an imbalance in
the activity of striatal direct-and indirect-pathway spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Disease …

Motor control in the striatum is an orchestra played by various neuronal populations. Loss of
harmony due to dopamine deficiency is considered the primary pathological cause of the …

Changes in striatal cholinergic interneuron (ChI) activity are thought to contribute to
Parkinson's disease pathophysiology and dyskinesia from chronic L-3, 4 …

Over the last decade, striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) have reemerged as key actors
in the pathophysiology of basal-ganglia-related movement disorders. However, the …