Simple Summary Laboratory and imaging tests as well as endoscopic procedures are
standard diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. We …

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is the second most common malignancy of the
genitourinary tract. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are the traditional most used techniques …

Objectives. To assess the performance of urine markers determined in urine samples from
the bladder compared to samples collected from the upper urinary tract (UUT) for diagnosis …

Purpose: Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder is one of the most common tumors of
genitourinary tract. Cystoscopy along with cytology is the mainstay for diagnosing bladder …

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) arises extensively from the renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder,
and urethra. UC represents a clinical and social challenge because of its incidence, post …

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare condition and recommendations based on
a high level of evidence for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up monitoring are lacking …

Primary detection and follow-up of patients with non–muscle-invasive (NMI) bladder cancer
(BC) is done by urethro-cystoscopy (UCS) and, in most cases, cytology. Many urine-based …

Introduction Several influencing factors on false positive rates (FPRs) of urine-based tumor
markers in the detection of urothelial cancer (UC) have been identified. We evaluated age …

BACKGROUND The sensitivity of cytology for the detection of urothelial carcinoma (UC) is
limited. Newer methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunocytology …

Urine cytology is the most widely used noninvasive test to detect urothelial tumors. However,
it is limited by its low sensitivity. On the other hand, cystoscopy is the gold standard …