Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Innate immune cells
can recognize invading pathogens through recognizing pathogen-associated molecular …

Vaccination using nanocarrier-based delivery systems has recently emerged as a promising
approach for meeting the continued challenge posed by infectious diseases and cancer. A …

Over the past several years, immunization and treatment of infectious diseases has
undergone a paradigm shift. Stemming from the vaccine research and development, not …

There is an urgent need for new strategies to combat infectious diseases in developing
countries. Many pathogens have evolved to elude immunity and this has limited the utility of …

There are still great challenges for the effective treatment of infectious diseases, although
considerable achievement has been made by using antiviral and antimicrobial agents …

After centuries of development, using vaccination to stimulate immunity has become an
effective method for prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases including infective …

Antibiotic resistance due to suboptimal targeting and inconsistent antibiotic release at
bacterial infection sites has driven the formulation of stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers for …

Nanomaterials provide numerous advantages for the administration of therapeutics,
particularly as carriers of immunomodulatory agents targeting specific immune cell …

The viral infection spreads with the assistance of a host. Traditional antiviral therapies
cannot provide long-term immunity against emerging and drug-resistant viral infections …

Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of a
variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, and …