In tissue engineering, the fate of a particular organ/tissue regeneration and repair mainly
depends on three pillars-3D architecture, cells used, and stimulus provided. 3D cell …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing (rapid prototyping or additive manufacturing)
technologies have received significant attention in various fields over the past several …

Human tissue consists of various tissue-specific cells, extracellular matrix components and
microstructures, and growth factors. With promising multi-cell and multi-material integration …

Cell-based direct biofabrication and 3D bioprinting is becoming a dominant technological
platform and is suggested as a new paradigm for twenty-first century tissue engineering …

The advent of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has enabled impressive progress in the
development of 3D cellular constructs to mimic the structural and functional characteristics of …

Abstract 3D bioprinting or additive manufacturing is an emerging innovative technology
revolutionizing the field of biomedical applications by combining engineering …

Clinically, the treatment of bone defects remains a significant challenge, as it requires
autogenous bone grafts or bone graft substitutes. However, the existing biomaterials often …

Damage and degeneration to bone and articular cartilage are the leading causes of
musculoskeletal disability. Commonly used clinical and surgical methods include …

The ultimate prospect of tissue engineering is to create autologous tissue grafts for future
replacement therapies through utilization of cells and biomaterials simultaneously. Bio …

Hard tissues and organs, including the bones, teeth and cartilage, are the most extensively
exploited and rapidly developed areas in regenerative medicine field. One prominent …