From protists to humans, all animals and plants are inhabited by microbial organisms. There
is an increasing appreciation that these resident microbes influence the fitness of their plant …

Because it appears that almost all organisms are part of an interdependent metaorganism,
an understanding of the underlying host–microbe species associations, and of evolution and …

All animals on Earth form associations with microorganisms, including protists, bacteria,
archaea, fungi, and viruses. In the ocean, animal–microbial relationships were historically …

Our understanding of diseases has been transformed by the realisation that people are
holobionts, comprised of a host and its associated microbiome (s). Disease can also have …

Simple Summary Microorganisms like bacteria, archaea, fungi, microalgae, and viruses
mostly form complex interactive networks within the ecosystem rather than existing as single …

The significance of symbioses between eukaryotic hosts and microbes extends from the
organismal to the ecosystem level and underpins the health of Earth's most threatened …

Most ecosystems are populated by a large number of diversified microorganisms, which
interact with one another and form complex interaction networks. In addition, some of these …

Although scientists have long appreciated that metazoans evolved in a microbial world, we
are just beginning to appreciate the profound impact that host-associated microbes have on …

Almost all animals and plants are inhabited by diverse communities of microorganisms, the
microbiota, thereby forming an integrated entity, the metaorganism. Natural selection should …

Beneficial associations with bacteria are widespread across animals, spanning a range of
symbiont localizations, transmission routes, and functions. While some of these associations …