Embryonic genetic mechanisms are present in the brain and ready to be placed into action
upon cellular injury, termed the response to injury wound-healing (RTIWH) mechanism …

Astrocytes (ACs) are the most abundant cells in the brain and, importantly, are the master
connecting and communicating cells that provide structural and functional support for brain …

Background and Purpose: Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) have been associated with
aging, increased stroke risk, decreased cognitive function, and vascular dementia. However …

Central nervous system (CNS) injuries caused by cerebrovascular pathologies (eg., stroke)
or mechanical contusions (eg., traumatic brain injury) disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) …

The concept of the glial-vascular unit (GVU) was raised recently to emphasize the close
associations between brain cells and cerebral vessels, and their coordinated reactions to …

Perivascular spaces (PVS) of the brain, often called Virchow-Robin spaces, comprise fluid,
cells and connective tissue, and are externally limited by astrocytic endfeet. PVS are …

The recently described perivascular unit (PVU) resides immediately adjacent to the true
capillary neurovascular unit (NVU) in the postcapillary venule and contains the normal …

Most neurological disorders seemingly have heterogenous pathogenesis, with overlapping
contribution of neuronal, immune and vascular mechanisms of brain injury. The perivascular …

Although the brain lacks conventional lymphatic vessels found in peripheral tissue, evidence
suggests that the space surrounding the vasculature serves a similar role in the clearance of …

Background and Objectives Enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) have been identified as a
key signature of glymphatic system dysfunction in neurologic conditions. The incidence and …