Background Ectopic vascular calcification is a common condition associated with aging,
atherosclerosis, diabetes, and/or chronic kidney disease. Smooth muscle cells are the best …

Medial vascular calcification (MVC) is a pathological phenomenon that causes vascular
stiffening and can lead to heart failure; it is common to a variety of conditions, including …

Objective Overexpression of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in
endothelium leads to arterial calcification in mice. The purpose of this study was to examine …

Rationale: Vascular calcification is a regulated process that involves osteoprogenitor cells
and frequently complicates common vascular disease, such as atherosclerosis and diabetic …

Cardiovascular calcification (CVC) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It
develops in several diseases and locations, such as in the tunica intima in atherosclerosis …

BACKGROUND: Elastin-oriented vascular calcification is a clinically significant feature,
which involves formation of ectopic bone-like structures. Taking advantage of the similarities …

Objective—We recently linked human arterial media calcification of infancy to heritable PC-
1/nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) deficiency. NPP1 hydrolyzes …

Atherosclerotic plaque calcification varies from early, diffuse microcalcifications to a bone-
like tissue formed by endochondral ossification. Recently, a paradigm has emerged …

Vascular calcification (VC) increases morbidity and mortality and constitutes a significant
obstacle during percutaneous interventions and surgeries. On a cellular and molecular …

Vascular calcification occurs during aging in the general population and is increased in the
intima by atherosclerosis and in the media by diabetes type 2. In both intima and media …