Male reproductive health has declined as indicated by increasing rates of cryptorchidism, ie,
undescended testis, poor semen quality, low serum testosterone level, and testicular cancer …

Abstract Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are harmful compounds that enter the
environment naturally or through anthropogenic activities and disrupt normal endocrine …

After testis formation, further development of a male phenotype (masculinisation) is driven by
three hormones from the foetal testis: anti-Müllerian hormone, insulin-like factor 3, and …

Background A number of different types of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) including
bisphenol A, phthalates, pesticides, and other environmental chemicals have been shown to …

Recent reports have demonstrated a decline in human male reproductive health: high and
probably increasing prevalence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias, low and probably …

In the past 200 years, an enormous number of synthetic chemicals with diverse structural
features have been produced for industrial, medical and domestic purposes. These …

BACKGROUND More than 20 years ago, it was hypothesized that exposure to prenatal and
early postnatal environmental xenobiotics with the potential to disrupt endogenous hormone …

Introduction Male infertility is a widespread disease with an etiology that is not always clear.
A number of studies have reported a decrease in sperm production in the last forty years …

In recent years, there has been an increased incidence in several of the most common
reproductive disorders, including hypospadias and cryptorchidism in newborns, and …

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that can cause
disturbances in the endocrine system and have multiple harmful effects on health by …